Suffering, or pain in this sense, is a basic affective experience of unpleasantness and aversion associated with harm or threat of harm in an individual. It constitutes the negative basis of affective states (emotions, feelings, moods, sentiments), while pleasure or happiness constitutes the positive basis.
Pain (philosophy) Pain Pain and suffering Psychological abuse Pity Dukkha Problem of evil Itch Humanitarian aid Apathy Punishment Nausea Public health Theory of relative suffering Horror and terror Redemptive suffering Fight or Flight Encyclopedia of World Problems and Human Potential No pain, no gain Primary gain Psychological pain Environmental security Ralph Siu Punishment (psychology) Heartbreak Anguish Amor fati Union of International Associations Affective science Valence (psychology) Warning system Arthur Kleinman Coping (psychology) Happiness economics Taṇhā Affective neuroscience Despair Weltschmerz Abolitionism (bioethics) David Pearce (philosopher)
